二进制部署k8s集群

服务器规划

注：首次搭建时服务器规格设置为1C1G，发现服务器内存和CPU基本占满，集群启动失败，因此下列服务器规格为2C2G

节点	ip	组件
Master	11.0.1.128	kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd1、kube-proxy、kubelet、docker
Node1	11.0.1.129	etcd2、kube-proxy、kubelet、docker
Node2	11.0.1.130	etcd3、kube-proxy、kubelet、docker

组件	版本
kubernetes	1.20.15
docker	19.03.9
etcd	3.4.9

环境配置

注：如下命令每台服务器均执行

# 关闭防火墙
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
# 永久关闭
[root@k8s-master ~]# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭swap
# 永久关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

# 设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname hostname
# 例如：hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master

# 添加hosts
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat  >> /etc/hosts << EOF 
11.0.1.128 k8s-master
11.0.1.129 k8s-node1 
11.0.1.130 k8s-node2
EOF

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
# 加载生效
[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter && sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

# 开启时钟同步
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install -y ntpdate
[root@k8s-master ~]# ntpdate time.windows.com

部署ETCD

master、node1、node2均部署etcd，可容忍一台etcd宕机

ca证书制作

如下步骤在master节点操作

# 1、证书工具下载
# master节点执行如下命令，获取cfssl证书制作工具，如下载失败，可直接访问下方的地址下载对应文件后，再通过FTP上传
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master ~]# chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@k8s-master ~]# mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

# 2、生成ca证书
# 证书知识介绍：https://www.cnblogs.com/hahaha111122222/p/16016351.html
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} # 创建证书的工作目录
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd ~/TLS/etcd

# （1）、自签CA
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat >> ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

# （2）生成ca证书的相关配置信息 
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat >> ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

# （3）生成证书，得到ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件
# 使用cfssl可以得到三个文件：*.pem(公钥)、*-key.pem（私钥）和*.csr
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

使用自签发的CA签发etcd证书

如下步骤在master节点操作

# 1、生成etcd证书配置信息，文件中hosts字段的IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat >> server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "11.0.1.128",
    "11.0.1.129",
    "11.0.1.130",
    "11.0.1.131",
    "11.0.1.132"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

# 2、生成证书，生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

安装etcd

先在MASTER节点执行，再将相关配置文件copy到其他node上

# 1、创建工作目录
[root@k8s-master etcd]# mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cd /opt/etcd

# 2、将etcd压缩包上传到/opt/etcd目录下，并解压
[root@k8s-master etcd]# tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 3、将bin文件移动到工作目录的bin目录下
[root@k8s-master etcd]# mv ./etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} ./bin

# 4、创建etcd配置文件
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat >> ./cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://11.0.1.128:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://11.0.1.128:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://11.0.1.128:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://11.0.1.128:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://11.0.1.128:2380,etcd-2=https://11.0.1.129:2380,etcd-3=https://11.0.1.130:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
# 说明
# ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
# ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
# ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
# ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
# ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS：集群通告地址
# ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
# ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
# ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
# ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

# 5、systemd管理etcd
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 6、证书拷贝
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

# 将master 生成的所有文件拷贝到node1 和node2
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cd /opt/etcd/cfg/
[root@k8s-master cfg]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@k8s-node1:/opt/
[root@k8s-master cfg]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@k8s-node2:/opt/
[root@k8s-master cfg]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@k8s-node1:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@k8s-master cfg]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@k8s-node2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

# ！！！注：需要将拷贝过去的/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf修改，如下为node1上的配置，node2也要同步修改
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://11.0.1.129:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://11.0.1.129:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://11.0.1.129:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://11.0.1.129:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://11.0.1.128:2380,etcd-2=https://11.0.1.129:2380,etcd-3=https://11.0.1.130:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"



# 7、启动etcd服务并设置开机自动启动（3台服务器一起执行）
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start etcd
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable etcd

# 8、查看etcd集群状态
[root@k8s-master ~]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://11.0.1.128:2379,https://11.0.1.129:2379,https://11.0.1.130:2379" endpoint health

https://11.0.1.129:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.331196ms
https://11.0.1.128:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 12.055311ms
https://11.0.1.130:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 13.703839ms

部署docker

下载链接：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

如下步骤在三台服务器均执行

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir /opt/docker

#1、将docker压缩包上传到docker目录下并解压
[root@k8s-master docker]# cd /opt/docker
[root@k8s-master docker]# tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz && mv ./docker/* /usr/bin && rm -rf ./docker

# 2、使用systemd管理docker
[root@k8s-master docker]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 3、创建docker配置文件，配置阿里云镜像仓库地址
[root@k8s-master docker]# mkdir /etc/docker
[root@k8s-master docker]# cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://3uwngq1j.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

# 4、启动docker
[root@k8s-master docker]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker && systemctl status docker && systemctl  enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

部署k8s

ca证书制作

k8s通信和ETCD使用两套不同的证书体系，因此需要重新生成ca证书，仅在master节点执行

[root@k8s-master ~]# cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 1、自签CA
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
# 2、生成ca证书请求信息
# CA机构的请求配置，用于生成一对公私钥，公钥作为根证书用于验证签名，私钥用于给其他NODE节点的证书签名以及对信息的加密
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
# 3、制作ca证书
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

使用自签发的CA签发kube-apiserver证书

# 1、创建证书使用者相关信息，即server-csr.json
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "11.0.1.128",
      "11.0.1.129",
      "11.0.1.130",
      "11.0.1.131",
      "11.0.1.132",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
# 2、签发服务端证书
# 生成server证书，得到server.csr、server-key.pem和 server.pem
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

下载k8s

# 下载k8s安装包并解压，
# 下载地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.20.md，本文使用的是v1.20.15
[root@k8s-master k8s]# mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
# 下载后上传到/opt/kubernete目录下
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cd /opt/kubernetes/
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 将二进制文件拷贝到bin目录下
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cd kubernetes/server/bin
[root@k8s-master bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
[root@k8s-master bin]# cp kubectl /usr/bin/

部署kube-apiserver

# 1、创建kube-apiserver配置文件
[root@k8s-master bin]# cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://11.0.1.128:2379,https://11.0.1.129:2379,https://11.0.1.130:2379 \\
--bind-address=11.0.1.128 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=11.0.1.128 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
# 注释
上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。
--logtostderr：启用日志
---v：日志等级
--log-dir：日志目录
--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
--bind-address：监听地址
--secure-port：https安全端口
--advertise-address：集群通告地址
--allow-privileged：启用授权
--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
1.20版本必须加的参数：--service-account-issuer，--service-account-signing-key-file
--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
•--audit-log-xxx：审计日志
启动聚合层相关配置：--requestheader-client-ca-file，--proxy-client-cert-file，--proxy-client-key-file，--requestheader-allowed-names，--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix，--requestheader-group-headers，--requestheader-username-headers，--enable-aggregator-routing

# 2、将证书拷贝到工作目录
[root@k8s-master ssl]# cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ 

# 3、创建上述配置文件中 token 文件
# 格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组
# token 也可自行生成替换：使用命令生成token：head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
[root@k8s-master ssl]# cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
eca2a85b0310f5ed2472d0aff3cc5068,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF


# 4、systemd 管理kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master ssl]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 5、启动kube-apiserver服务并设置开机启动
[root@k8s-master ssl]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-apiserver && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl status kube-apiserver
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.

部署kube-controller-manager

# 1、创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master bin]# cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
# 注释
--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

# 2、生成kubeconfig文件
# 切换目录
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing", 
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
# 生成kubeconfig文件（直接执行如下sh命令）
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://11.0.1.128:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

# 3、systemd管理controll-manager
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
# 4、启动并设置开机启动
[root@k8s-master k8s]#  systemctl stop kube-controller-manager && systemctl start kube-controller-manager && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl status kube-controller-manager

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.r

部署kube-scheduler

# 1、创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
# 注释：
--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
# 2、生成kubeconfig文件
# 切换目录
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cd ~/TLS/k8s
# 创建证书请求文件
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
# 生成kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://11.0.1.128:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

# 3、systemd管理scheduler
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 4、启动并设置开机启动
[root@k8s-master k8s]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-scheduler && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl status kube-scheduler

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.

配置kubectl

# 1、生成kubectl连接集群的证书
[root@k8s-master k8s]# cat >> admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
# 2、生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

# 3、生成kubeconfig文件
mkdir /root/.kube

KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://11.0.1.128:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
# 4、通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态
[root@k8s-master k8s]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"} 

授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

[root@k8s-master k8s]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created

部署node

准备工作

# 创建工作目录，node节点执行
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
# 将kubelet和kube-proxy从/opt/kubernetes/kubernetes/server/bin拷贝过来
# master节点执行：
[root@k8s-master bin]# cd /opt/kubernetes/kubernetes/server/bin
[root@k8s-master bin]# cp ./kubelet ./kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin/
# 将kubelet和kube-proxy从master节点拷贝到node节点
[root@k8s-master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@k8s-node1:/opt/kubernetes/bin
[root@k8s-master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@k8s-node2:/opt/kubernetes/bin

部署kubelet

# 先在master节点部署之后，在拷贝到node上
# 1、创建配置文件
# 注意，需要使用docker登录阿里云镜像仓库，并将pause镜像获取到个人仓库，pod-infra-container-image再配置为该镜像。(三台Node上均需要登录阿里云镜像仓库)
# 登录镜像仓库
docker login --username=wbl1996 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
# 拉取镜像
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wbl_k8s/pause:3.2
# 打标签
docker tag  80d28bedfe5d pause:3.2
# 创建配置文件
cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=pause:3.2"
EOF
# 注释：
--hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
--network-plugin：启用CNI
--kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
--bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
--config：配置参数文件
--cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
--pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

# 2、创建配置参数文件
cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

# 3、生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://11.0.1.128:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="eca2a85b0310f5ed2472d0aff3cc5068" # 与token.csv里保持一致

# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

# 4、systemd管理kubelet
cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 5、启动并设置开机自启
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl status kubelet

批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群

# 查看kubelet证书请求
[root@k8s-master bin]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-RTvoDxqN5eC9CT_Mbu66tzD96bgOKH6mFFAaIYlLkOk   35s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# 批注申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-RTvoDxqN5eC9CT_Mbu66tzD96bgOKH6mFFAaIYlLkOk

# 查看节点。由于还没有部署网络插件，因此目前为NotReady状态
[root@k8s-master bin]# kubectl get node
NAME          STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   NotReady   <none   6s    v1.20.15

部署kube-proxy

# 1、创建配置文件
cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

# 2、创建配置参数文件
cat >> /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

# 3、生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
# 生成kube-proxy证书
# 切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s

# 创建证书请求文件
cat >> kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
生成kubeconfig文件：
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://11.0.1.128:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

# 4、systemd管理kube-proxy
cat >> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 5、启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kube-proxy && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl status kube-proxy

部署网络插件

# 使用Calico作为k8s集群的网络插件
# 将calico的yaml配置文件上传到/opt/kubernets/cfg目录
# 部署Calico，calico版本要和k8s的版本匹配
# calico 3.19
# https://docs.projectcalico.org/archive/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master cfg]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

授权kube-apiserver访问kubelet

# 应用场景：例如kubectl logs
cat >> apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

增加work node

# 1、将master节点相关的文件拷贝到node节点
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ root@k8s-node1:/opt/
scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ root@k8s-node2:/opt/

scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@k8s-node1:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@k8s-node2:/usr/lib/systemd/system

scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@k8s-node1:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@k8s-node2:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

# 2、删除NODE节点上master自动生成的证书
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

# 3、修改配置文件中的主机名称
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

# 4、启动kubelet和kube-proxy并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy && systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy && systemctl status kubelet kube-proxy

# 5、在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
# 查看证书请求
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-5Xhn34f8O6RSef5UcDkfuU8dIkY--FiGwSCTfezmIYo   2m33s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
node-csr-RTvoDxqN5eC9CT_Mbu66tzD96bgOKH6mFFAaIYlLkOk   3d      kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
node-csr-fC6rUV4KFHgNBIqMJtgwDkmD_3y59jBf6UcgVdkAuWU   47s     kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
# 授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-5Xhn34f8O6RSef5UcDkfuU8dIkY--FiGwSCTfezmIYo
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-fC6rUV4KFHgNBIqMJtgwDkmD_3y59jBf6UcgVdkAuWU



部署nginx测试

部署dashboard

# 将dashboart.yml上传到/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下
# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
# 注：获取的配置文件中Service未制定type，因此默认按照ClusterIP来部署，为了在浏览器可以访问，将Service改为如下内容

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort # 增加NodePort类型
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001  # 增加nodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml


# 创建ServiceAccount并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
[root@k8s-master cfg]# kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created

# 创建clusterrolebinding，将clusterrole和serviceaccount绑定
[root@k8s-master cfg]#  kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin created
# 查看Pod和svc状态
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
# 通过浏览器访问https://master_ip:30001
# 若edge浏览器无法访问，则直接在该页面按thisisunsafe即可自动刷新
#  获取token
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
# 将token粘贴到上述页面中即可

部署CoreDNS

未完待续…